![]() Similarly, although infant mortality has declined over time for both blacks and whites, the relative gap between the races is much wider today than it was in 1950 ( Williams and Jackson 2005 NCHS 2007). Despite gains in life expectancy for both blacks and whites, the 7 year racial gap in life expectancy in 1960 was still 5.1 years in 2005 ( National Center for Health Statistics (2007). Another noteworthy characteristic of racial disparities is their persistence over time. Other data indicate that almost 100,000 black persons die prematurely each year who would not die if there were no racial disparities in health ( Levine et al. These elevated death rates exist across the life-course with African Americans and American Indians having higher age-specific mortality rates than whites from birth through the retirement years ( Williams 2005). For most of the 15 leading causes of death including heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, liver cirrhosis and homicide, African Americans (or blacks) have higher death rates than whites ( Kung et al.
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